MAINTAINING THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
Links to papers on the water treatment protocols for maintaining a healthy environment for aquatic animals in captive care.

Dineley, J. (1998) An Introduction to Basic Water Treatment Protocols for Pinnipeds Exhibits. Presented at Whipsnade Wild Animal Park as part the Association of British Wild Animal Keepers Symposium '98.

Dineley, J. (1990). Principles in Water Treatment in Aquatic Mammal Pools.
International Zoo News, Volume 37/7, Number 224.

Spotte, S (1991) Sterilization of Marine Mammal Pool Water: Theoretical and Health Consideration.
APHIS Technical Bulletin No. 1797. Technical document from the APHIS Animal Care web site. Document is a pdf file.

J.D. van der Toorn (1987) A biological approach to water purification: I. Theoretical aspects
Aquatic Mammals 13(3): 83-92

W.H. Dudok van Heel and J.D. van der Toorn (1988) A biological approach to water purification: II.
A practical application: The Delfinaario in Tampere, Finland
Aquatic Mammals 14(3): 92-106

R.C. Squires (1977) Oceanaria Water For Mammals and Fish. Partner, Binnie & Partners International.

The 1st International Symposium for Water Quality and Treatment for Zoos and Aquaria was held in April 2004 in Lisbon, Portugal at the Oceanario de Lisboa. Five days were dedicated to the presentation and discussion of 47 topics. PowerPoint presentations and manuscript abstracts given at the Symposium are available on this site.